Warnings about confusing the mystery of Circumcision with that of Purification
Year mention: 1649
Subject:
the circumcision of christ
Conflict:
Inadequate manner
Untruthfulness/Not probable/Not corresponding to history
Criticism:

Confused the mystery of Circumcision with that of Purification; The lack of detail in the evangelical narrative

Agent:
Pacheco, Francisco
Jeronimo Nadal, Circumcision of Christ, plate 5 from Evangelicae and Adnotationes (1593), which engravings illustrate the Biblia Natalis
Internet archive (original from Getty Research Institute)

Stating that there is a lot to warn the painters, Pacheco analyses the iconography of the circumcision of Christ, considered by the author as one of those who the painters exercise with greater ignorance in the place, in the accompaniment, in the minister, and other circumstances.

“In this story, I have a lot to warn the painters, because it is, in my opinion, one of those who exercise with greater ignorance in the place, in the accompaniment, in the minister, and other circumstances. We will first note their oversights and then follow the most probable opinion. Mase Pedro Campaña, a scholarly painter whom we remember in these books, has it painted in San Pablo in this city, in a chapel next to the [“Capitulo”] and, being one of the most careful craftsmen in the decorum part, confused the same theory of Circumcision with that of Purification; one happened after eight days and the other, after forty: Our Lady standing has the Child Jesus in the Temple, or synagogue, with St. Josef behind and, on a table, the High Priest circumcises him, with his insignia and breastplate; accompanying him four other figures; an old woman has a lit candle in her hand, in front of her is a maid on her knees, who has a basket with two palominos. Through this single painting one can sense all the others and the many images of this mystery that, as the Gospel does not speak in the circumstances of it, even the writers take license to vary. Because, three moderns, quite learned, one, for not taking the Virgin out of the manger before time, wants that, dressed in her poverty, the Child give him to her husband, so that he can take him to the synagogue to be circumcised and delivered to the ministers of that sacrament, remaining for that period of time without her son and with abundant tears, the other puts the Circumcision in the synagogue with priests and ministers: candlestick with six lights; two children with rich glasses serving; the Child Jesus in a large bowl on a table; the Virgin and St. Joseph present with great feeling and the name of Jesus on high surrounded by glory and splendor and, by the way, how his parents return with him to the cave of Belem; the latter does not want them to come out of the manger and that he be circumcised in a part of the cave by the hand of a minister, accompanied by other people, who diligently does his job in the presence of the Virgin and St. Joseph who, full of compassion, assist him; and although I venerate the erudition of all, for this time I am not satisfied with their opinions”.

En esta historia tengo mucho que advertir a los pintores, por ser, a mi juicio, una de las que exercitan con mayor ignorancia en el lugar, en el acompañamiento, en el ministro, y en otras circunstancias. Notaremos, primero, sus descuidos y, luego, seguiremos la más probable opinión. Mase Pedro Campaña, estudioso pintor de quien hacemos memoria en estos libros, la tiene pintada en San Pablo desta Ciudad, en una capilla junto al capitulo y, siendo uno de los más cuidadosos artifices en la parte del decoro, confundió el misterio de la Circucisión con el de la Purificación; el uno sucedió a los ocho dias y el otro, a los cuarenta: Nuestra Señora en pie tiene el Niño Jesús en el Templo, o sinagoga, a San Josef detrás y, sobre una mesa, lo circuncida el Sumo Sacerdote, con sus insignias y pectoral; acompañ?ndolo otras cuatro figuras; una mujer anciana tiene una vela cncendida en la mano, está delante una criada de rodillas, que tiene una canastica con dos palominos. Por esta sola pintura se pueden senzurar todas las demás y las muchas estampas deste misterio que, como no habla el Evangelio en las circunstancias del, aún los escritores toman licencia para variar. Porque, tres modernos, asaz doctos, el uno, por no sacar del pesebre a la Virgen antes de tiempo, quiere que, ataviado el Niño con su pobreza, lo dé a su esposo, para que lo lleve a circuncidar a la sinagoga y lo entregue a los ministros de aquel sacramento, quedando por aquel espacio de tiempo sin su hijo y con abundantes lágrimas, el otro pone la Circuncisión en la sinagoga con sacerdotes y ministros: candelero con seis luces; dos niños con vasos ricos sirviendo; el Niño Jesús en una fuente grande sobre una mesa; la Virgen y San Josef presentes con gran sentimiento y el nombre de Jesús en lo alto cercado de gloria y resplandor y, por lexos, cómo se vuelven con él sus padres a la cueva de Belem; el último no quiere que salgan del pesebre y que se circuncide a una parte de la cueva por mano de un ministro, acompañado de otra gente, el cual hace su oficio, diligentemente, en presencia de la Virgen y San Josef que, llenos de compasión, le asisten; y aunque venero la erudición de todos, por esta ves no me conformo con sus pareceres.”

Quoted Authorities

Cristobal de Fonseca, VIda de Cristo Senor Nuestro (1597),167r-167v.
Jeronimo Nadal, Evangelicae Historiae Imagines 1593
Luca Pirelli, Libretto d’ Imagini [… ] (1594), plate 5
Alonso de Vileglas, Flos Sanctorum, Segunda Parte (1586), 37r.

Keywords
Christ-child, Circumcision, infancy, Joseph (St.), Mary (Virgin), New Testament, priest, temple

Terminology
Ignorancia
Artist
Campaña, Mase Pedro
Nadal, Jerónimo

Date mention
1649

Date artwork
16th c.
Historical Location

Seville, chapel in San Pablo

Seville


Current Location
Seville, Private Collection
Seville
Type of Object
painting
printmaking

Iconclass Number
73B3

Source
Pacheco, El Arte de la pintura (1649), book 3, ch.12, 608-610
Literature

Pacheco 1990, 609, n. 47,49;

Permanent Link
https://www.sacrima.eu/case/warnings-about-confusing-the-mystery-of-circumcision-with-that-of-purification/